Sawbones

"Sawbones" was an informal term for a doctor originating on Earth in the 19th century, referring to a surgeon's common need to cut through the bones of a patient.

Though considered archaic by the 23rd century, the term was still occasionally used, as when Dr. Ezekiel Fisher accused his colleague Jabilo M'Benga of abandoning him on Starbase 47 "to be a sawbones on a starship." 

The term also survived in the language of Sigma Iotia II, due to the influence of a 20th century Terran book on their culture. Iotian Makk Vinx once called Dr. Sarjenka "sawbones". 


 * This is the real-world origin of Leonard McCoy's nickname "Bones" in Star Trek: The Original Series, though it was never made explicit on-screen, and a wholly different origin is presented in Star Trek (2009).