Albinism

"He was born with a rare mutation that made his skin translucent white. The others considered him a freak of nature."

-, on Voq, 2257

An Albino was anyone whose skin and eye color were lacking. The trait appeared in Alpha Quadrant species such as Humans, Klingons, and Andorians.

History
In 1893, the USS Enterprise (NCC-1701-D)'s Second Officer, Lieutenant commander Data was described as an albino by San Francisco newspaper reporter. The Andorian sub-species, the Aenar, were seen as albinos.

In the 23rd century, Albinos were not accepted in Klingon society. Voq was seen as a outcast by the Klingon Empire's Great houses. Despite his condition, Voq was accepted by T'Kuvma's House.

Kelvin timeline
In the Kelvin timeline, Klingon albinos, such as Sho'Tokh were seen as outcasts.