Gunpowder

Gunpowder was used as a propellant in many projectile weapons and consisted of sulfur, some form of carbon, such as coal, and potassium nitrate. As well as projectile weapons, gunpowder was also used in the manufacture of fireworks. 

In 2267, Captain James T. Kirk manufactured gunpowder by combining together some mineral elements that was available on a planetoids surface in order to assist in overcoming a Gorn captain in combat that had been arranged by the Metrons.