Amerind

Amerind was a planet of some distance from Earth and yet had a population of what appeared to be Native Americans residing upon it.

When visited by the USS Enterprise (NCC-1701) in 2268, Spock speculated that the inhabitants of Amerind were a mixture of Navajo, Mohican, and Delaware Indians. It was later learned that the ancestors of these tribes had been transplanted from Earth by beings known only as the Wise Ones. What's more, the Wise Ones had left behind a large obelisk whose purpose was to divert any astroid which threated the planet and its inhabitants.

The crew of the Enterprise was eventually able to find a way into the obelisk and repair it. The obelisk subsequently diverted an asteroid the size of Earth's moon, Luna, away from hitting the planet.

Mirror Universe
In the mirror universe, a possible counterpart to Amerind may have existed. In 2371, Jean-Luc Picard, an archaeologist-for-hire, asked his patron, Gul Madred, for funding in which to investigate rumors of a planet inhabited by what appeared to be Mohicans from Earth. Gul Madred refused to support the venture, stating that little could be learned from studying past Terran civilizations (TNG novel: The Worst of Both Worlds).