The bio-signature was a function on Starfleet tricorders in the 2260s. The bio-signature function could be used to identify a specific individual from other similar life forms.
In the year 2269, Starfleet Intelligence agent Bridget McLellan had locked onto the bio-signature of the Klingon Imperial Intelligence agent Goloth. She used the bio-signature to follow Goloth through the crowded streets in the Gorn controlled city of Tzoryp. (VAN - Declassified novella: The Stars Look Down)