Film noir was a style of fiction that originated on Earth in the 20th century.
Film noir was commonly used for detective stories, and San Francisco in the 1940s was a typical setting. The Dixon Hill series was an example of a film noir story. (TNG - Assimilation² comics: "Issue 1", "Issue 2")
In 2369, Julian Bashir and Jadzia Dax entered a holosuite where a film noir holographic program was running. (DS9 novel: Warped)