Intergalactic judo was a type of martial arts known in and around the Federation's space territory in the 23rd century.
History and specifics[]
In the year 2268, Leonard McCoy, while fighting the Inquisitors' guards on a medieval planet, commented to James T. Kirk that he hoped he could remember intergalactic judo lessons. Kirk, witnessing him use a throw on a guard, noted that he remembered them pretty well. (TOS comic: "Day of the Inquisitors")