An Oversight Process was a computer process that helped monitor the control systems of starships.
After some followers of former Governor Kodos tried to hijack a transport at a spaceport on Tarsus IV, a Starfleet team attempted to re-enable the ship's computer so that the oversight process would detect the uncontrolled descent and stabilize the ship before it could crash into the surface of the planet. (DSC novel: Drastic Measures)