The Sigma Quadrant was a region of space located somewhere in the galaxy's Alpha or Beta Quadrants.
In 2268, a planetary disaster occurred in the Sigma Quadrant. Starfleet Command ordered the USS Enterprise to head there immediately. Montgomery Scott, who was in command at the time, instead continued their search for Captain Kirk and the other crewmembers who had not returned from the mission to Tarsus II. (TOS comic: "Day of the Inquisitors")