A slingshot was a hand-held weapon used to propel projectiles across a short distance.
David Rabin used a slingshot to hunt food and to defend himself and Spock while travelling across Vulcan's Forge. He noted that his namesake, the legendary King David of Israel, was also expert in his use of the slingshot, and hoped this was a good omen as they faced an adversary as formidable as Goliath. (TOS novel: Vulcan's Forge)
In 2268, the Enterprise crew attempted to use slingshots to subdue Wyatt Earp and his associates. (TOS episode: "Spectre of the Gun", TOS novelization: The Last Gunfight)
During their quest for the legendary "creature of the mountain" on Theata Leonis, Kirk, Spock, McCoy and the Atyansa boy Meresh used forked staves as slingshots to fight the monsters guarding the mountain and to bring down rocks to delay a group of Klingons from entering a cave. (TOS comic: "Epic Proportions")