The Starfleet Oversight Committee was an organization within the United Federation of Planets.
After the Totality began its attack on the galaxy by attacking warp drive vessels, only a single member of the Federation Council and chairman of the Starfleet Oversight Committee managed to escape to the Vostok Academy on Mercury. (TOS novel: Captain's Glory)
- Presumably, it is the Federation body that monitors the Federation Starfleet's actions.