A tenday (ten-day) was a measurement of time, ten days long, analogous in some cultures to the concept of the Human civilization's week.
History and specifics[]
The tenday was used primarily by both the Vulcan and Romulan civilizations. (TOS novel: Spock's World; TOS - Rihannsu novels: The Romulan Way, Honor Blade, The Empty Chair)
It was also adopted, to a limited degree, by other Federation cultures. (TOS novel: Prime Directive)